How to take the vocational education college entrance examination? How to make a choice?

建立“職教高考”制度，在筆者看來，不僅必要，而且可行。當(dāng)務(wù)之急，至少要按照中共中央辦公廳、國務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)的《關(guān)于推動現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的意見》要求，盡快建立和完善“省級統(tǒng)籌”的“職教高考”制度。統(tǒng)一的“職教高考”制度，不僅能保證招生考試相對公平，而且能迅速促進(jìn)職業(yè)教育內(nèi)涵發(fā)展、質(zhì)量提升。

In my opinion, establishing a "vocational education college entrance examination" system is not only necessary but also feasible. The urgent task is to establish and improve the "provincial-level coordinated" "vocational education college entrance examination" system as soon as possible, in accordance with the requirements of the "Opinions on Promoting the High Quality Development of Modern Vocational Education" issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council. A unified "vocational education college entrance examination" system can not only ensure relative fairness in enrollment exams, but also quickly promote the development and quality improvement of vocational education.

一是可以助推高等職業(yè)教育高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。因為考試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一、考試內(nèi)容一致，招生錄取可以根據(jù)招生院校辦學(xué)水平和辦學(xué)特色劃定錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線，讓高水平學(xué)校和專業(yè)錄取到高水平學(xué)生。同時，建立統(tǒng)一的“職教高考”制度，可以推動高等職業(yè)學(xué)校（含職業(yè)本科，下同）重內(nèi)涵、抓提質(zhì)，在高職教育內(nèi)部形成你追我趕的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展新局面。

Firstly, it can promote the high-quality development of higher vocational education. Because the exam standards are unified and the exam content is consistent, admission scores can be set based on the educational level and characteristics of the enrollment institution, allowing high-level schools and majors to admit high-level students. At the same time, establishing a unified "vocational education college entrance examination" system can promote higher vocational schools (including vocational undergraduate programs, the same below) to focus on content and quality improvement, and form a new situation of high-quality development that catches up with each other within vocational education.

二是可以助推中等職業(yè)教育高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。“職教高考”統(tǒng)一考試，可以讓中職教育質(zhì)量看得見、摸得著。學(xué)生可憑借自己的學(xué)業(yè)水平和興趣愛好選擇喜歡的高職學(xué)校，從而點燃學(xué)習(xí)熱情，亦可激發(fā)教師的教學(xué)熱情。目前，中職教育的社會認(rèn)可度不高，其中一個重要原因是中職教學(xué)質(zhì)量不高、吸引力不強(qiáng)，家長擔(dān)心孩子進(jìn)入中職學(xué)校學(xué)不到、學(xué)不好真技能。而中職教育存在的問題，其中一個重要原因是缺乏科學(xué)、合理、統(tǒng)一的評價辦法?？梢灶A(yù)見，建立“職教高考”制度后，中職教育發(fā)展必將迎來一次質(zhì)的飛躍。

Secondly, it can promote the high-quality development of secondary vocational education. The unified examination of the "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" can make the quality of secondary vocational education visible and tangible. Students can choose their preferred vocational schools based on their academic level and interests, thereby igniting their enthusiasm for learning and stimulating teachers' teaching enthusiasm. At present, the social recognition of secondary vocational education is not high, one of the important reasons is that the quality of secondary vocational education is not high and the attractiveness is not strong, and parents are worried that their children will not be able to learn real skills well when entering secondary vocational schools. One important reason for the problems in secondary vocational education is the lack of scientific, reasonable, and unified evaluation methods. It can be foreseen that after the establishment of the "vocational education college entrance examination" system, the development of secondary vocational education will inevitably usher in a qualitative leap.

當(dāng)然，“職教高考”一定要突出職業(yè)教育的類型特點，避免重復(fù)和步入應(yīng)試教育的誤區(qū)。

Of course, the "vocational education college entrance examination" must highlight the types and characteristics of vocational education, to avoid repetition and the misunderstanding of entering exam oriented education.

一是要整合現(xiàn)有“職教高考”形式。譬如，將現(xiàn)有的對口升學(xué)考試和高職單招等整合成統(tǒng)一的“職教高考”，統(tǒng)一考試要求、考試時間，根據(jù)考試成績分層分類錄取。

One is to integrate the existing forms of the "vocational education college entrance examination". For example, integrating existing corresponding entrance exams and vocational college entrance exams into a unified "vocational education college entrance examination", unifying exam requirements and time, and classifying admission based on exam scores.

二是統(tǒng)一“文化素質(zhì)”考試。文化素質(zhì)考試是“職教高考”的重要內(nèi)容。文化素質(zhì)是中職生可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)和高素質(zhì)大國工匠的必備條件。實行文化素質(zhì)統(tǒng)考，不僅可以維護(hù)“職教高考”制度的公平，而且能促進(jìn)中職學(xué)校教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提高，確保中職學(xué)校“就業(yè)與升學(xué)并重”。目前，國家已經(jīng)統(tǒng)一制定了中職學(xué)校公共基礎(chǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，編寫了公共基礎(chǔ)課程教材，并且在新的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中明確規(guī)定了“達(dá)標(biāo)”和“升學(xué)”兩類學(xué)業(yè)水平標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完全可以按照課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組織文化公共基礎(chǔ)課程統(tǒng)一考試。

The second is to unify the "cultural literacy" exam. The cultural literacy exam is an important part of the vocational education college entrance examination. Cultural quality is an important foundation for the sustainable development of vocational school students and a necessary condition for high-quality national craftsmen. Implementing the unified examination of cultural literacy can not only maintain the fairness of the "vocational education college entrance examination" system, but also promote the improvement of teaching quality in vocational schools, ensuring that vocational schools place equal emphasis on employment and further education. At present, the country has uniformly formulated the standards for public basic courses in vocational schools, compiled public basic course textbooks, and clearly stipulated two academic level standards: "reaching the standard" and "entering higher education" in the new curriculum standards. It is completely possible to organize unified exams for cultural public basic courses according to the curriculum standards.

如果全國統(tǒng)一考試還有難度，建議各省先建立和完善中職學(xué)業(yè)水平考試制度，將其成績作為升入高職院校的文化素質(zhì)依據(jù)。需要注意的是，“職教高考”的文化考試應(yīng)有別于普通高考，要基于中職生實際和專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)需要確定文化課成績在專業(yè)錄取中的比重，避免唯總分論和平均分論。理想的“職教高考”制度應(yīng)該能夠保證人盡其才、適才適所，特別是一些“偏才”“怪才”能夠在考試制度中脫穎而出，而不是被埋沒或淘汰。

If there are still difficulties in the national unified examination, it is recommended that each province first establish and improve the system of vocational school academic level examination, and use its scores as a cultural quality basis for promotion to vocational colleges. It should be noted that the cultural examination of the "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" should be different from the ordinary college entrance examination, and the proportion of cultural course scores in professional admission should be determined based on the actual situation and professional learning needs of vocational school students, avoiding only the total score and average score theory. The ideal "vocational education college entrance examination" system should ensure that people can make the most of their talents and adapt to their needs, especially some "talented" and "eccentric" individuals who can stand out in the examination system, rather than being buried or eliminated.

三是合理組織“職業(yè)技能”考試。職業(yè)技能考試是職業(yè)教育類型特點在“職教高考”中的重要體現(xiàn)。職業(yè)技能由專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和專業(yè)技能兩部分組成。前者是專業(yè)理論，是學(xué)好專業(yè)技能的基本保證，建議實行統(tǒng)考，并納入學(xué)業(yè)水平考試范圍作為“職教高考”招生錄取的重要依據(jù)。

The third is to organize "vocational skills" exams reasonably. The vocational skills exam is an important manifestation of the characteristics of vocational education types in the "vocational education college entrance examination". Vocational skills consist of two parts: professional foundation and professional skills. The former is a professional theory and a basic guarantee for mastering professional skills. It is recommended to implement a unified examination and include it in the scope of academic level exams as an important basis for enrollment and admission in the "vocational education college entrance examination".

專業(yè)技能可以根據(jù)專業(yè)特點確定考試辦法，共性強(qiáng)、規(guī)模大的專業(yè)技能可實行統(tǒng)考，專業(yè)性強(qiáng)、規(guī)模小的專業(yè)可由招生院校單獨組織考試。這樣，就能初步構(gòu)建起融“統(tǒng)考+單招”“筆試+面試”“文化素質(zhì)+職業(yè)技能”一體的具有職業(yè)教育特點的公平公正的“職教高考”制度。

The examination method for professional skills can be determined based on the characteristics of the major. Specialized skills with strong commonality and large scale can be subject to unified examination, while specialized and small scale majors can be individually organized by the enrollment institution. In this way, a fair and just "vocational education college entrance examination" system with the characteristics of vocational education can be preliminarily constructed, which integrates "unified examination+individual recruitment", "written examination+interview", and "cultural quality+vocational skills".

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